Assessing Schools

For the past several years there has been a push to make schools more accountable.  Some, driven by a sense of fiscal responsibility, want to ensure a good return on the investment of public dollars.  Others, driven by a desire to see our students outperform their peers from across the globe are raising the bar, expecting more from our schools.  While all of us in education accept the need to be accountable, it seems that few know how to fully determine whether a school is performing as well as it can. It is simple to expect growth from a school that is doing poorly, but this same expectation is not as simple for a school with a relatively high level of performance. With that said I suspect that all of our schools can do better.  What I can’t determine is how much better.  It is naïve to think that every student in every school will be performing at grade level.  There are simply too many external limitations to make this happen.  To accurately determine how well a school can perform requires an extensive analysis that considers all the variables that affect student learning.  Such a study would be difficult because some of the variables are beyond the control of the school.  In a perfect world a school would have the resources to address each of such a study’s findings.  And while critics of education are quick to say blaming  poor home conditions for poor performance is an excuse, it is without question a piece of the puzzle that needs consideration.

Earlier this week we received the preliminary results of the Standards Based Assessments.  These annual tests are the primary way that we use to determine whether a school is being successful.  Each year when I review these results, my expectation is that our students will improve.   Predictably, some of our schools improved but some did not.  As is always the case, our schools with the lowest poverty levels are our highest performers.  Yet, this variable is not considered when comparing schools.  As we head toward the public announcement of how our schools did on these standardized tests, it is important to note that a judgment of schools must consider as many of the variables that affect student learning as possible.  As a way to offer a broader perspective, we are looking beyond the SBA scores by using the 7 indicators of college readiness as a way to determine how we are doing.  Next week staff will review how their students are doing on these seven points that are appropriate to their school.

As we race to the finish line of our school year it is important for all of us to thank our dedicated staff for all that they do for our students.  Please take a moment to do so.

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Welcoming schools

I like to brag that KPBSD is the best school district in Alaska.  While much of this opinion is based on emotion, I do feel that we have lots of data to help support this claim.  Nevertheless, we do experience our fair share of bumps in the road.  It is not uncommon for a parent to be upset with their school or the district, for a staff member to be at odds with an administrative decision or for a student to be injured in an accident on the playground. Yesterday morning was one of those days when I received notice of three such concerns or incidents.  It was a relief then, when I walked across the street to attend Soldotna Elementary School ‘s celebration of reading.  What I saw quickly changed my mood.

The school wide assembly was a great reminder of what makes our schools so special.  The assembly began with students shaving the beard of one of their teachers.  Earlier in the year he set a reading challenge to his students. They met it, and took pleasure eliminating his whiskers.  The student body was enthralled with the moment and in deafening unison chanted encouragement to their peers taking turns with the clippers.  The Cat in the Hat was next, prancing around the gym to the delight of the students.  While I was struck by the students’ enthusiasm, I was also impressed by the staff’s  oversight of the event.  The obvious care and dedication that the staff showed their students made me think of a parent with children.  What was equally impressive was how the students respond to the staff members.  The symbiotic relationship if it is fair to say this, was evident from the moment the classes filed into the gym.  As the year comes to a close, let’s appreciate that Soldotna Elementary, like all of our schools, is a welcoming place where students feel at home.  This is part of why I feel that we are the best district in Alaska.  Thanks to all of our staff members who work so hard to make this the case.

Cat in the Hat assembly Soldotna Elementary

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BP Teachers of Excellence

One of the highlights of my year is taking part in the BP Teacher of Excellence Award Ceremony where we honor several of our teachers for their outstanding job educating their students.  When the teachers approach the stage to accept their award I see faces full of pride but also recognize a strong sense of humility; for most of the teachers, there is a clear discomfort with the public recognition.  The irony of course, is that when on stage in their classroom, the teachers thrive in their public role.  Although not the direct intention of the ceremony, I view the evening as a great way to not only award the BP teachers but by extension, recognize all of our teachers. 

One of the recurring debates in education is whether skilled teaching is innate or learned.  Schools of education are constantly refining their preparation programs and districts are regularly offering training to their staff.  I don’t feel however, that the success of the seven recognized teachers was dependent on such training.  My take is that their success is predicated on an innate desire and then ability to connect with their students.  I expect that this desire leads to constant reflection and then adjustment of their instruction.  When asked who my favorite teacher was, I recall a teacher who connected with me on a personal level.  I don’t recall that his instruction was innovative or cool, I do remember that he made me feel special.  I suspect that the students of our seven BP Teachers of Excellence feel the same way about their teacher.  As the year comes to a close, let’s be sure to thank all of our teachers for their willingness to make our students feel special.

KPBSD BP Teachers of Excellence 2013

 

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Avoiding the storm

In the 1980s I spent my summers on Unimak Island living at a fish camp as a part of a commercial fishing operation. During this time I learned to read the water and the weather and by the end of the decade had a pretty good grasp for when we would have good fishing and when a storm was coming. I wish I could say the same about my ability to read the winds of education. After 23 years of doing this, you would think that I would have a better feel for what is next for our schools.

I spent yesterday working with the state level Advisory Committee for Educator Evaluation. Our time was mostly focused on how to measure student learning, a soon to be required part of a teacher’s evaluation. While certain sources of learning data e.g., scores on standardized tests, are easy to apply to an evaluation, most others are fraught with what if questions including whether it is even valid to make the intended connection. As is the case with many changes in education, our changes to the teacher evaluation regulations are a bit like the famous line from a movie, build it and they will come. Unfortunately, such an approach lends itself to speculation of what the details will be and for those like us who are trying to get ahead of the game by creating our own details, frustration. The move to change the evaluation system was driven by the national conversation concerning teacher accountability. While it is fair for this conversation to help shape policy, it is a mistake to create too tight of a timeline to implement the changes. The winds of change leading to a storm need to be recognized well before the water is choppy.

— Dr. Steve Atwater, April 28, 2013

 

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Facebook is for old people

One of the more challenging sides to my job is finding time to spend with our students. As a way to meet this challenge I’ve arranged to have lunch with some of them during the final weeks of school. I was at Tustumena Elementary and Soldotna Middle School this week and will be in Homer later in the month. While my conversations with the students have been polite and a bit stilted, they did offer me a chance to learn about what they think about school and what they are looking forward to after they graduate. So far, the students have all been complimentary of their schools and for the most part, had a hard time responding to my question of what they would change about their school.

The most meaningful part of the conversation for me however, has been discussing technology. I asked each student if they had a cell phone and then if they did, whether their phone was a smartphone. While most had cell phones, only a few had a smartphone. They all agreed however, that having a smartphone in class would be a help. But in the same breath, they cautioned that it would be difficult to do this because of the distraction that the phones present. The 7th grade students were anxious to move in this direction of phones in class while the 8th grade students who are headed to high school next year assumed that this would soon happen there. The students also shared that they regularly use technology in class and that homework for the 8th grade students required them to do research using the Internet. Finally, I learned that Facebook is passé and is for old people while Instagram is the medium of choice to stay current with what is going on.

My take away thus far is that the selected students are well adjusted and like their teachers and school. They find their school work to be challenging, but not too difficult and they are looking forward to moving on to a new larger school.

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Student Performance and Poverty

In the past couple of months I‘ve seen conflicting reports on how American students who do not live in poverty perform on the Programme for International Student Assessment. One report (What do international tests really show about U.S. student performance?) indicated that when compared to all students, American students in this category compare favorably to their peers in the world.  Another report (Middle Class and Middle of the Pack) stated that this same group of Americans is falling behind their peers globally. The gist of this second report is that you can’t blame the mediocre US student performance on poverty. In response to these studies I decided to find out how our students of means perform on the annual state tests. Our data specialist disaggregated our students by subgroups including socioeconomic status, ethnicity and other learning categories such as students with disabilities and limited English proficiency.  As expected, the group of students who are not a part of any of the subgroups perform extremely well on the state tests.  While this does not necessarily give us reason to announce we have arrived, it does indicate that what we are offering this group of students is working.

As is always the case at this time of year, we are in the midst of trying to secure enough funding from the borough and state to maintain our current level of service.  Our lower performing sub groups are those students who need an extra layer of support; to do so requires adequate funding. The irony of the tightening of money for schools, is that it affects those students who need it the most more than it does our students of means.  We are thus in an interesting predicament of trying to meet increased expectations (a good thing) with less money to support our neediest students. With one week to go in this legislative session, let’s ensure that our legislators understand this.

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Final Exams

For the past couple of days I have been in an email dialogue with my son who is away at college.  We have been exchanging ideas on how best to assess learning.  He is strongly opposed to the end of semester cumulative final exam and feels that periodic end of unit tests, if written well, are a sufficient way to measure learning.  In fear that he just does not want to study for the big final, I pushed back and made a rather weak argument that this rite of collegial passage is not all bad, that there is nothing wrong with expecting you to know in May, what was taught in January.  He of course saw right through me, knowing that cramming for a test rarely leads to long term retention.  So what then, is the best way to assess student learning at the end of a semester?

There are several thoughts on this, but when you peel back the instructional layer, you will find that the answer lies not in the type of test offered, but in how the curriculum is designed.  A curriculum that builds on itself will, at the end of the semester, assess through application what really matters.  A curriculum that is a series of vaguely connected units of information may be stuck with a final test that simply measures how well you recall information. I don’t for a minute want to dismiss the importance of information-prior knowledge is after all, a key ingredient in the learning recipe.  But with technology, our students are less and less in need of being able to recall that Franklin Roosevelt was the president credited with the New Deal (Google will find you this answer in less than 10 seconds), and more in need of taking a position on how Social Security (Roosevelt’s brainchild) can survive.  The cumulative test that asks a student to recall a fact that was covered three months ago is in many cases, no longer needed.  Challenging students to apply what was learnt three months ago with an open access to technology is needed.  So while I still stubbornly want my son to know what it is like to cram for a test at 2:00 A.M., I realize that his more pressing need is being able to efficiently and wisely use technology to find information so that he can apply it to solve a problem or to explain why something took place.

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Soaring Eagles

Last week I had the good fortune to attend Mountain View Elementary School’s Soaring Eagles Luncheon. This is a monthly event that recognizes students who have exemplified the following character traits: hard working, respectful, helpful and kind.  The students eat pizza, receive a certificate, get their picture taken and then return to class with a smile on their face.  I am thrilled that the school pauses to do this and assume that the unspoken intention of this recognition is to help develop perseverance. While it is equally important to recognize our students’ academic achievement, research shows that those students who do not get straight A’s but have what one researcher labels as grit, are as likely to succeed as those at the top of the class.

Developing our students’ ability to persevere is an expected part of school. I recently read of a survey (see below) that can help guide this quest.  While the survey is designed for older students, it could easily be altered for our own. Its questions help determine the relative degree of a students’ character, strengths and aspects of happiness.   A positive score on the survey suggests an inner resolve that will help students find success when faced with challenges.  Developing our students’ ability to persevere when confronted with an adversity is something that we all support.  Thanks to Mountain View Elementary and our other schools for giving attention to this aspect of character development.

Duckworth, A.L, & Quinn, P.D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 166-174.

http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~duckwort/images/Duckworth%20and%20Quinn.pdf

 

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Broken schools

Last week our legislature’s House Education Committee heard testimony on HJR 1 that proposes to amend our state’s constitution to allow public money (vouchers) to be spent on private and religious schools. While I do not want to use this space to comment on the merit of vouchers, I do want to respond to former Anchorage Mayor Tom Fink’s testimony that public schools are broken. I don’t believe that this is true for our schools in Alaska, or, that he has taken the time to fully disaggregate the data to make such an assertion.

When you look at our schools on the Kenai, it is easy to point to indicators such as graduation rate or test scores to show that we are improving. We are headed in a positive direction, we are not broken. Last winter I was a finalist for the Anchorage School District Superintendent job. My research on ASD revealed a lot of positive work that is not readily known to the public. I learned that while ASD may not be performing as well it wants, it is improving. When you consider the district’s increasing number of challenges e.g., educating refugees who do not speak English, you can only conclude that ASD is not broken. If it were, their results would be much worse. Finally, I recently asked a long term rural Alaska school district superintendent about how the level of social dysfunction is changing in the district’s villages. The immediate response is that things are far worse then they were 15 years ago. Yet, this district’s test scores and graduation rate are improving in spite of this limitation. My simple analogy is that of watering your lawn with a leaky hose. This district has more leaks in its hose but, it is getting more water to the lawn. The district’s schools do not have the achievement level that they want, but they are not broken.  It is important to note that there is an achievement gap between Alaska’s students who live in poverty and their peers who do not. Although this gap persists, we need to recognize that there has been a gradual improvement on both sides to suggest that our schools are not broken.

In sum, proposing to use public money for private schools is an important debate that we need to have. It is also important however, to not cage this debate on misleading information. Public schools are not broken. If they were, we would see a regression of results, not improvements. Everyone in public education recognizes the need to continuously improve; let’s embrace this need and not undermine it with misleading information.

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Preschool

One of the ongoing debates in Alaska’s legislature is whether our state government should be responsible for the education of its 4-year olds.  Until now, Alaska has toyed with this responsibility by issuing grants to both the home and a few school districts, but it has not had the will to fully open this door.  However, President Obama’s recent proposal to expand preschool opportunities may provide the needed push to make the option of preschool a reality for most of Alaska’s 4-year olds.  The President is proposing a cost-sharing partnership with states to offer a high-quality public preschool to all 4-year-olds from families at or below 200 percent of the poverty level. While this will not touch all of Alaska’s 4 year olds, it will greatly expand the opportunities offered today.

For the past several years KPBSD has been using our Title I monies to offer preschool to about a third of our 4-year olds.  We have preliminary data to show that those students who attend our preschools have more success in kindergarten than those who do not.  Should the President’s proposal come to pass, we will work hard to ensure that the funds are tightly packaged so that they can only be distributed to high quality programs that include teachers with an endorsement in early childhood education.  The research on preschool is clear.  Programs that are run by well trained teachers, small classes and rigorous standards for early learning are making a difference.  We are already doing this and are ready to expand our efforts.

The upcoming debate over whether this investment in our country’s youngsters is worthwhile will likely be divisive and predictable.  Let’s push Alaska’s delegation to see the horizon and recognize that leaving school preparation of our 4-year olds to fate is a mistake.

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